重发布及路由策略的实验

重发布及路由策略的实验

Itachi
  2022-07-28 17:40:56 2022-07-28 17:40:56 创建   2022-07-28 21:14:44 2022-07-28 21:14:44 更新      

实验要求

  1. 使用双点双向重发布
  2. 所有路由器进行最佳选路
  3. 存在备份路径，不得出现环路和路由回馈
  4. R1除本身环回外，外加几条环回
    172.16.1.0/24 deny
    172.16.2.0/24 type 1
    172.16.3.0/24 cost 6
    172.16.4.0/24 type 1 cost 9
    更改如上参数
    img

实验过程

配置IP

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//R1 - 例
#                                       
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0          
 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0      
#                                       
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1          
 ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0                         
#                                       
interface LoopBack0                     
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0       
#                                       
interface LoopBack1                     
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0    
#                                       
interface LoopBack2                     
 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0    
#                                       
interface LoopBack3                     
 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0    
#                                       
interface LoopBack4                     
 ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0

起协议

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//RIP
//R1
rip 1                                   
 undo summary                           
 version 2                              
 network 1.0.0.0                        
 network 172.16.0.0                     
 network 12.0.0.0                       
 network 14.0.0.0                       
//R2
rip 1                                   
 undo summary                           
 version 2                              
 network 2.0.0.0                        
 network 12.0.0.0
//R4
rip 1                                   
 undo summary                           
 version 2                              
 network 14.0.0.0
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//OSPF
//R2
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                
 area 0.0.0.0                           
  network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
//R3
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3                
 area 0.0.0.0                           
  network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0               
  network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0              
  network 34.1.1.3 0.0.0.0              
//R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4                
 area 0.0.0.0                           
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0               
  network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0

路由表展示
img
img

双向重发布

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//R2
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                
 import-route rip 1                     
 area 0.0.0.0                           
  network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0              
#                                       
rip 1                                   
 undo summary                           
 version 2                              
 network 2.0.0.0                        
 network 12.0.0.0                       
 import-route ospf 1
//R4
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4                
 import-route rip 1                     
 area 0.0.0.0                           
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0               
  network 34.1.1.4 0.0.0.0              
#                                       
rip 1                                   
 undo summary                           
 version 2                              
 network 14.0.0.0                       
 import-route ospf 1

路由表展示
img
img
可以发现 R4的路由表与重发布前一致，故没有出现路由回馈
但是 R2的路由表与重发布前不一致一致，R4环回 4.4.4.4在OSPF与RIP发送方式不一样导致产生路由回馈，在R2路由表中产生两条路由

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//解决方案：修改R4环回的OSPF工作方式
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast

此时再查看R2路由表，无 4.4.4.4/32
img

也可以将地址改为 4.4.4.4/32，此时将没有 4.4.4.4/24地址

连通性测试：R1环回 ping R3环回
img

干涉选路

R1对OSPF和R3对RIP中的任一网段都为等开销负载均衡
img
但实际上上下两条路存在不同，我们分别在R2与R4上干涉选路 — 使用偏移列表

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//R2
[R2]ip ip-prefix a permit 4.4.4.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix a permit 34.1.1.0 24
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout ip-prefix a 2
//R4
[R4]ip ip-prefix a permit 23.1.1.0 24
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix a 2

img
此时R1到R3的选路已经完成，接下来在OSPF中干涉选路，使用华为路由策略

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//将不佳路由的类型2改为类型1
//R2
[R2]ip ip-prefix b permit 2.2.2.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix b permit 12.1.1.0 24
[R2]route-policy b permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b
[R2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]route-policy b permit node 20	//空表，允许所有
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy b	//重发布
//R4
[R4]ip ip-prefix b permit 14.1.1.0 24
[R4]route-policy b permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b
[R4-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]route-policy b permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy b

img
此时仅R1环回等开销负载均衡

更改R1环回参数 – 华为路由策略

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//R2
ip ip-prefix R1-1 index 10 permit 172.16.1.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-2 index 10 permit 172.16.2.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-3 index 10 permit 172.16.3.0 24
ip ip-prefix R1-4 index 10 permit 172.16.4.0 24
#
route-policy b permit node 10           
 if-match ip-prefix b                   
 apply cost-type type-1                 
#                                       
route-policy b deny node 20             
 if-match ip-prefix R1-1                
#                                       
route-policy b permit node 30           
 if-match ip-prefix R1-2                
 apply cost-type type-1                 
#                                       
route-policy b permit node 40           
 if-match ip-prefix R1-3                
 apply cost 6                           
#                                       
route-policy b permit node 50           
 if-match ip-prefix R1-4                
 apply cost 6                           
 apply cost-type type-1                 
#                                       
route-policy b permit node 60
#                                       
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2                
 import-route rip 1 route-policy b
//R4 - 同上

路由表展示
img
img
连通性测测试：
img

  • 标题: 重发布及路由策略的实验
  • 作者: Itachi
  • 创建于 : 2022-07-28 17:40:56
  • 更新于 : 2022-07-28 21:14:44
  • 链接: https://blog.tarchi.top/hcip/重发布及路由策略的实验/
  • 版权声明: 本文章采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 进行许可。
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此页目录
重发布及路由策略的实验
  1. 实验要求
  2. 实验过程
    1. 配置IP
    2. 起协议
    3. 双向重发布
    4. 干涉选路
    5. 更改R1环回参数 – 华为路由策略